Technical material

Species Action Plans and Management Plans

European Commission. 1997. European Union Action Plans for eight priority species – Steller’s Eider Polysticta stelleri.

OSPAR Quality Status Report 2010 Background document on Steller’s Eider Polysticta stelleri

JNCC. 2010. UK Priority Species data collation Melanitta nigra version 2. JNCC report. 19pp

Natura 2000. 2007. Management Plan for Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) 2007-2009. European Commission Technical Report – 008 – 2007.

Natura 2000. 2009. European Union Management Plan 2009-2011, Scaup Aythya marila. European Commission Technical Report – 2009 – 036.

CAFF Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan

Abundance and distribution

Boertmann, D. & A. Mosbech. 2001. Important summer concentrations of seaducks in West Greenland. An input to oil spill sensitivity mapping. National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark, NERI Technical Report no. 345: 1-48.

Petersen, I.K. & R.D. Nielsen. 2011. Abundance and distribution of selected waterbird species in Danish marine areas. Report commissioned by Vattenfall A/S. National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Denmark.

Pihl, S., J. Durinck & H. Skov. 1995. Waterbird numbers in the Baltic Sea, Winter 1993. NERI Technical Report no. 145. National Environmental Research Institute, Kalø.

Skov, H., S. Heinänen, R. Žydelis, J. Bellebaum, S. Bzoma, M. Dagys, J. Durinck, S. Garthe, G. Grishanov, M. Hario, J. Jacob Kieckbusch, J. Kube, A. Kuresoo, K. Larsson, L. Luigujoe, W. Meissner, H. W. Nehls, L. Nilsson, I.K. Petersen, M. M. Roos, S. Pihl, N. Sonntag, A. Stock, A. Stipniece & J. Wahl. 2011. Waterbird populations and pressures in the Baltic Sea. Norden report.

Population delineation/migration

Bustnes & Systad. 2009. Migration patterns, breeding and moulting locations of King Eiders wintering on the coast of Norway as determined by satellite telemetry. SEAPOP Short Report 3.

Methodological/techniques

Camphuysen, K.J., A.D. Fox, M.F. Leopold & I.K. Petersen. 2004. Towards the standardised seabirds at sea census techniques in connection with environmental impact assessments for offshore wind farms in the UK: A comparison of ship and aerial sampling methods for marine birds, and their applicability to offshore wind farm assessments. NIOZ report to COWRIE.

Ecological

Christensen, T.K. 2008. Factors affecting population size of Baltic Common Eiders Somateria mollissima. PhD thesis. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity, NERI. National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Denmark.

Larsson, K. 2011. Research on Sea Ducks in the Baltic Sea. Gotland University.

Threats

Bellebaum, J. 2009. Bycatch of Seabirds in Gillnet and Longline Fisheries in the German Baltic Sea. Report to German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation.